Given the vast amount of information available on LiDAR, including its types, applications, and standards, a comprehensive resource would be helpful for civil engineering professionals seeking to leverage LiDAR in their projects.   

The new White Paper, “LiDAR Technology for Civil Engineering,” is a promising solution, offering an A-to-Z guide on LiDAR’s relevance and use within the construction industry.  

Download now! It’s free. 

Knowledge at a Glance: What to Expect?   

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology captures precise, three-dimensional information about physical environments. It advances critical tasks in surveying, planning, monitoring, and managing, helping to build and maintain the essential services and infrastructure that make modern life possible.    

The impact spans all civil engineering project stages: design & planning, preservation and retrofitting, risk management, environmental and land use, asset management, etc.  

Read also: ML-Powered Data Processing for Civil Engineering  

Uncover the topics revealed within the White Paper: 

• How LiDAR benefits infrastructure projects across various stages.  

• The science behind LiDAR.  

• The evolution of LiDAR technology in a clear visualization of significant milestones.   

• A breakdown of the current LiDAR technology market state and future projections.  

• How the main technical components of LiDAR systems in civil engineering interact.   

• Airborne, terrestrial, mobile, UAV (drone), and solid-state types of LiDAR.  

• Noteworthy use cases within the civil engineering domain.  

• Typical kinds of LiDAR data processing explained.  

• Common industry standards that are already in use and those under development.  

• An ultimate compilation of trusted professional associations.  

• Leading figures, key contributors, and regulatory bodies associated with LiDAR technology in civil engineering.   

• List of industry-recognized certifications for individuals, organizations, and specialized training programs.    

• A checklist of questions to ask while assessing the current state of LiDAR technology integration within your organization + a bonus list of available tools to ease your evaluation process.  

• Books, websites, articles, publications, online courses, and tutorials to deepen your knowledge, and thematic conferences for networking opportunities.  

Get access to LiDAR knowledge that drives informed decision-making, optimizes resource allocation, and enhances your project outcomes.  

Download your copy for free today. Stay tuned for more updates. 

Featured Case Studies: 

• Intetics Developed a Comprehensive, Cost-Effective Solution for Deformation and Slope Monitoring and Analysis 
• A Remote In-Sourcing® Team Helped a Powerlines Management Company Cut Data Processing Time by 65% 
• The Platform for Extracting Features from LiDAR Data Decreased the Manual Processing Time by 60% 
• Remote In-Sourcing® Team of 150 FTE Enabled Mobile Mapping Company to Process 7,000 km of Road Data and Reduce QA Costs by 63% 

The post LiDAR Technology for Civil Engineering: The A to Z of Light Detection and Ranging appeared first on Intetics.

While more land surveyors are starting to grasp the benefits of this type of data collection, they are facing a need to understand photogrammetry.

Fortunately, it is unnecessary to immerse yourself in this science, as there are ready-made solutions available. Let’s take a closer look at them in this article.

Three Ways of Processing Drone Data

Surveyors have learned that employing drones allows them to accomplish more with fewer resources. But some problems remain with drone images, as their processing requires time and expertise.

Currently, there are three options for drone data processing: cloud-based automated processing, self-processing, and expert remote data processing.

1. Cloud-Based Automated Processing

Cloud-based processing is the most straightforward and most affordable option. The pre-uploaded photos are automatically processed on a server, after which you get a standard output: 3D point clouds, digital terrain models (DTMs), etc.

Enterprises like Propeller, DroneDeploy, and dozens of others on the market popularize this processing method and help companies deliver these kinds of ready-made solutions.

Automated processing is worth considering if the low cost per project, speed, and simplicity are critical to you. But here come the limitations.

The fully automated nature won’t help reach the desired level of customization and accuracy, which is crucial for many industries. There is a chance that your specific needs won’t be met with automated processing alone.

If your project requires high reliability and accuracy, then cloud-based processing might not be the best option for you. It makes sense to consider others. Let’s touch upon them below.

2. Local or Self-Processing

In some cases, companies cannot share the information they collect. There are several reasons for this: either the drone data is confidential and cannot be disclosed to third parties, or it is physically impossible to share from remote locations without Internet access.

There is nothing to do but use local or drone data self-processing. It requires specialized hardware with licensed desktop photogrammetry applications installed. Some famous drone mapping software examples are Pix4D, SimActive, Agisoft PhotoScan, and others.

This method of processing is the most complicated. The only advantage is total control of the entire process. Providing your data processing team consists of true experts, another benefit is accurate results. But there are far more drawbacks. First, it is not always cost-efficient. Expensive equipment and software, as well as the high cost of an experienced in-house GIS specialist, will result in a considerable spike in your project’s budget.

What if your project does not assume trade-offs between quality and cost-efficiency? Then there is a third option — expert processing for drone surveying.

3. Expert Remote Drone Data Processing

This option resembles cloud-based processing; the difference is that your data is processed not by a machine but by a team of experts. Given that, it has the lowest chance of mistakes and a guarantee of reliable and quality outputs. The possibility of human error is always there. However, expert processing is much more reliable than cloud-based processing and far more cost-efficient than self-processing.

Expert remote processing may become your best match if you are looking for the highest accuracy and flexibility, critical to many geospatial sector sub-industries, including construction monitoring, agriculture, land surveying, urban planning, mining, etc. It is often sufficient to choose automated processing in areas like safety monitoring or roof surveying.

High Accuracy and Time Efficiency Reached with Intetics’ Drone Data Remote Processing Solution

Processing takes three times longer than the survey itself. Then why not keep the focus on surveying and transfer the data processing to a third party so that your clients could get more than just drone videos or images?

Let’s turn to some figures. You can cut 30% of your costs by outsourcing drone data processing. With Intetics, you can also save 75% of your time, allocating it effectively to strategic focus areas like sales, marketing, and data collection.

How do we help with the remote processing of your geodata?

You get a scalable team that is responsible for image processing. And here are the examples of processing and analysis outputs:

• Digital Surface Models (DSM) and Digital Terrain Models (DTM) Extraction

• LiDAR data processing and analysis

• Vectorization and development of topographical plans

Whether you lack time for self-processing or want to keep your focus on UAV surveying, Intetics can help with data processing and analysis. Participate in more significant projects while providing the same quality service to your customers along with our GIS specialists in action.

Stay focused on surveying while we take care of everything behind the image. Try a demo project today. And feel free to address any questions regarding your project.

FAQ

How Do Drones Collect Data?

During a survey, drones collect aerial data with downward-facing sensors like multispectral cameras, RGB, or LiDAR sensors. The ground is shot numerous times from various angles with one of the cameras as mentioned above options, and each image is labeled with coordinates.

What Is Drone Image Processing?

Drone image processing involves extracting valuable geospatial data generation using multiple methods like Orthophoto, Aerial Triangulation, DSM, DTM, 3D Mesh Model and Contour, etc., backed up by various software and hardware tools.

What Type of Data Can Be Collected from Drones?

Remote sensing used in UAVs gathers vast amounts of detailed, close-up photos and video data, even in hard-to-reach and dangerous locations. Drone data collection is slightly more cost-efficient and accurate than satellite- or airplane-acquired imagery.

What Is Drone Mapping Software?

Drone mapping software also referred to as photogrammetry software, are desktop or cloud-based applications served to help beginners and advanced users to analyze drone imagery. Some of the presented in the market are Drone Deploy, SimActive, Pic4D, Maps Made Easy, Propeller, etc.

Useful Links

Download the New Drone White Paper:

• The Ultimate UAV (Drones) Technologies Overview by Tech Geeks

Related Materials:

• How Agricultural Holdings and Farmers Can Use Drones for Precision Agriculture
• How to Build More Cost-Efficiently and Safely with Drones
• Remote processing of drone data

The post Turn Your UAV Surveying into Actionable Insights for Your Clients with Intetics’ Expert Remote Drone Data Processing Solution appeared first on Intetics.

Why So Adamant?

On the one hand, the success of breeding and chemical industries has made it easier to engage in agriculture. But on the other hand, there are serious challenges coming from climate change and black swan events like the COVID-19 pandemic and the US-China trade war. This changes the rules of the game and calls out to you, “Hey, farmer! You have to have a large margin of safety. And you have to continuously improve your work efficiency.”

Not everyone can afford to increase their earnings by expanding their fields or gardens. So, it’s not about how much land you have but how you use it. And it’s not about planting twice as much wheat on 10 square feet of land; it’s about making your farm smart.

Innovative solutions allow you to automate some tasks, increase yields, cut costs, and boost profits. This is as important for a small family farm as it is for large farm groups or massive agro-industrial complexes.

Sure, you can’t be prepared for certain events. In 2019, Midwest flooding devasted many crops. According to officials, damage exceeded $1.2 billion in Iowa alone, one of the three most affected states. But technology comes to the rescue even in cases like this and makes it possible to quickly assess the damage and receive proper insurance payments.

The climate becomes less predictable in other parts of the United States and worldwide. Droughts, floods, and hurricanes severely affect yields and market prices of crops, sometimes leaving farmers without income. Now they need to preserve and increase the harvest even in less-than-favorable weather conditions to be able to sell profitably amid market shortage and rising prices. And excess allows farmers to grow other crops that will be more profitable to cultivate in the coming season.

The price of corn futures in the United States has doubled – from $330 to almost $700 – since June 2020. But has it become easier to grow? And how can a farmer increase yields on a set piece of land without resorting to harmful chemicals or disrupting soil composition? Or how can they start growing new crops that are difficult to cultivate in the region but bring good profit?

Farm owners and managers that are looking for improved yields, work efficiency, and earnings are starting to take advantage of UAVs more often. And these are not just beautiful aerial photos – there is a lot more to it.

What You Can Monitor on a Farm with a Drone?

Drone photography allows you to get information that no farmer could collect, no matter how attentive or experienced they are, if they simply walked around the fields.

The Quantity and Quality of Green Mass.

Aerial photos or colored orthophoto maps help to control farming at all stages – from germination to harvesting. Essentially, it’s a single shot of your fields stitched together from thousands of drone shots. It has a great amount of detail, so it can be zoomed in to clearly show the seedling density, unseeded areas, plant color, etc.

Orthophoto maps obtained with drones eliminate the need for extensive manual fieldwork or expensive shoots from a manned aircraft. This is important background information, the field model in a smartphone. A series of plans makes it possible to track real changes in crops within a certain timeframe both for the entire field and individual plants.

Terrain Relief of the Fields.

By using conventional cameras or laser rangefinders, drones can create 3D maps of the terrain, even if the soil on the field is densely covered by plants. The resulting terrain models clearly show all the hills and lowlands and the general land slopes of the field fragments. Such maps help to plan sowing and irrigation more efficiently as well as carry out anti-erosion measures in time.

Characteristics of Soil and Water Bodies.

While focusing on how the plants look, farmers sometimes fail to track changes in their field. But orthophoto maps made up of images in different spectral bands can provide information that is invisible on regular images.

In contrast to a conventional camera or the human eye, a multispectral camera takes images in different spectra of light – particularly in the visible spectrum (RGB), infrared (NIR), near infra-red radiation edge, and each of the RGB channels (alternating). The latter is suitable for shooting objects made of different materials. Thus, shooting in the green channel makes it possible to visualize vegetative plant activity and its growth dynamics. The red channel, above all, provides information about the soil condition. A blue channel provides valuable information about conditions at the bottom of reservoirs, artificial and natural ponds, and lakes.

Multispectral RGB data can also be visualized as combinations of strips of these three colors. Thus, you can see things that aren’t obvious: swampy soil, drainage problems, erosion, an outbreak of weeds, etc. These problems aren’t always visible during a pedestrian survey but often require a prompt solution.

State of the Livestock.

Drones are excellent at observing living and moving objects. While searching for food, animals can go very far and even get lost in large, open pastures. Drones help control their movement, search for missing animals, assess green mass quality in the grazing area, and react to unforeseeable circumstances, such as injury or attempted theft, in time.

Plant Health and Maturity.

Vegetation index maps tell us about plant health and maturity much more than simple photographs. Those are compiled based on data in various spectral bands. Each index has a color value corresponding to a certain norm. Anything that differs from the norm signifies a disease, drought, element deficiency, or poor plant growth – depending on which index is analyzed.

The main indices that can be used for UAV-based mapping are:

• Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). It allows to measure plant photosynthetic activity and the relative volume of green biomass;
• Normalized difference red edge index (NDRE). It is used to analyze high-density perennial crops;
• Soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). It allows to assess soil fertility;
• Optimized soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI).

Let’s see how it works in a bit more detail.

How to Assess Plant Health by Its Color, and Why Satellite Data Is Not Enough?

The type of information a drone obtains can sometimes surprise even experienced farmers, who call it farming with a cheat sheet. That is because vegetation indices not only show if something is wrong with the plant but also accurately describe the problem: what exactly it’s lacking, what is in excess, and how serious the situation is.

Vegetation indices are based on the spectral reflectance of plants and soil. In simple terms, if we take pictures in different regions of the light spectrum and alternate and combine the data, we can have a fairly accurate assessment of the content of water, nitrogen, carbon, pigments, etc., in plants.

Healthy and unhealthy, mature and growing plants reflect light differently. The benefit of having vegetation index maps is that characteristics of development are noticeable in the early stages, unlike in ordinary images.

Let’s take chlorophyll as an example:

Chlorophyll, the main compound in green plants, reflects green light well, so most plants look green to us. On the other hand, red light is absorbed by chlorophylls and used for photosynthesis. When the plant gets sick, it becomes worse at reflecting green light and absorbing red light. These changes are clearly visible when analyzing vegetation indices.

Index maps can be used throughout the season – they provide specific, relevant information at different times. For instance, in the beginning, you can see how the plants survived the winter and how they manage the shift to warmer conditions. In the middle of the season, index maps show how the crops are developing and whether there are enough moisture and essential elements for growth. At the end of the season, you can see which parts of the field are already ready for harvesting and where the crop is not ripe yet. Plant diseases and soil problems can be identified at all times.

Satellite Data Is Not Enough.

A combination of data from drones and satellites gives the optimal effect for monitoring fields. There are projects that offer monitoring through satellite imagery alone. This approach is valid, but it has multiple restrictions and neglects important opportunities.

Satellite imagery is useful for working with very large fields as well as remote-controlled farms. But there are serious limitations: you are tied to the satellite schedule and may not be able to see the fields for months in cloudy weather. Plus, it is expensive and not always justifiably so.

UAV can be effective for surveying farms, vineyards, and orchards of any size. Drones operate at low altitudes, so the clouds won’t be a problem. You can determine the schedule and flight duration. If necessary, you can fly the UAV daily.

At the same time, data from satellites can provide a solid foundation for the following detailed survey of the field using drones. The quality of the survey varies dramatically, but satellite data is collected at regular intervals.

Combining data and trend extrapolation based on regular satellite data is a good all-around approach for smart farming.

Do you need a consultancy on implementing drone technology in your business in Agriculture? Let’s talk and discuss how we can help you.

Useful Links:

Download the New White Paper:

• The Ultimate UAV (Drones) Technologies Overview by Tech Geeks

Case Studies in Agriculture:

• A Precision Agronomics Startup Created an App for Farmers against Climate-Related Natural Disasters Used in 4 Countries
• Web-Portal for Agricultural Enterprise – Storing and Viewing the Field’s Data in Real-time

The post How Agricultural Holdings and Farmers Can Use Drones for Precision Agriculture. appeared first on Intetics.